Research

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Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles

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Appelman, A., Hettinga, K. E., & Morales, O. (in press). “‘Real effort’ and ‘real skill’: Editors emphasize their contributions in a changing field.” Journalism Practice. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2025.2570826

 

Appelman, A., & Hettinga, K. E. (in press). Job satisfaction in the COVID-19 era: A survey of copy editors across fields. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990231206370

 

Appelman, A., Bien-Aimé, S., & Morales, O. (2025). “‘Said’ or ‘told the reporter’? The credibility effects of quote-attribution style.” News Research Journal, 46(2), 317-337. https://doi.org/10.1177/30497841251337696

 

Bien-Aimé, S., Wu, M., Appelman, A., & Jia, H. (2025). “Who wrote it? News readers’ sensemaking of AI/human bylines.” Communication Reports, 38(1), 46-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/08934215.2024.2424553

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Appelman, A., & Hettinga, K. E. (2024). Innate qualities or learned skills? Copy editors disagree about the need for training. Journalism and Mass Communication Educator, 79(4), 440-453. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/10776958241277349

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Jia, H., Appelman, A., Wu, M., & Bien-Aimé, S. (2024). “News author or journalistic tool? Effects of perceived AI contribution on message and source credibility.” Computer in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, 2(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2024.100093

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Appelman, A. (2024). Numbers in news articles: Effects of presence, errors, and (false) recall. Electronic News, 18(2), 67-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/19312431231190846​

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Oeldorf-Hirsch, A., Schmierbach, M., Appelman, A., & Boyle, M. (2024). The influence of fact-checking is disputed!: The role of party identification in processing and sharing fact-checked social media posts. American Behavioral Scientist, 68(10), 1345-1365. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231174335

 

Appelman, A., & Schmierbach, M. (2024). Coverage of public opinion polls: Journalists’ perceptions and readers’ responses. Journalism Practice, 18(4), 763-782. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2022.2058064

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Appelman, A. (2022). Written in code: Exploring the negative effects of acronyms in news headlines. Journalism Practice, 16(7), 1495-1511. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2020.1867622​

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Appelman, A., & Hettinga, K. E. (2021). Correcting online content: The influence of news outlet reputation. Journalism Practice, 15(10), 1562-1579. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2020.1784776

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Appelman, A., & Hettinga, K. E. (2021). The ethics of transparency: A review of corrections language in international journalistic codes of ethics. Journal of Media Ethics, 36(2), 97-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1899826

 

Formentin, M., Hettinga, K. E., & Appelman, A. (2021). Two wrongs don’t make a right: Journalists’ perceptions and usages of press releases. Corporate Reputation Review, 24(2), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41299-019-00091-z

 

Hettinga, K. E., & Appelman, A. (2020). Errors, requests, apologies: A case study of 50 years of corrections in a college newspaper. College Media Review, 57. http://cmreview.org/errors-requests-apologies/

 

Oeldorf-Hirsch, A., Schmierbach, M., Appelman, A., & Boyle, M. (2020). The ineffectiveness of fact-checking labels on news memes and articles. Mass Communication and Society, 23(5), 682-704. Special Issue: “What IS News?” https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2020.1733613

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Appelman, A. (2020). “ALPHABET SOUP”: Examining acronym and abbreviation style in headlines. Journalism Practice, 14(7), 880-895. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2019.1642125

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Oeldorf-Hirsch, A., Schmierbach, M., Appelman, A., & Boyle, M. (2020). For the birds: Media sourcing, Twitter and the minimal effect on audience perceptions. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 26(2), 350-368. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856518780438

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Appelman, A., & Hettinga, K. E. (2019). Error message: Creation of a revised codebook for analysis of newspaper corrections. Newspaper Research Journal, 40(1), 25-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739532918814452

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Appelman, A., & Schmierbach, M. (2018). Make no mistake? Cognitive and perceptual effects of grammatical errors in news articles. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 95(4), 930-947. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699017736040

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Hettinga, K. E., Appelman, A., Otmar, C., Posada, A., & Thompson, A. (2018). Comparing and contrasting corrected errors at four newspapers. Newspaper Research Journal, 39(2), 155-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739532918775685

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Appelman, A. & Asmara, M. (2018). A crisis by any other name? Examining the effects of journalistic “crisis labeling” on corporate perceptions. Newspaper Research Journal, 39(1), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739532918761060

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Hoewe, J., Appelman, A., & Stevens, E. (2017). Mr. Mom in the news: The relationship between stereotypes and perceptions of gendered news stories. Communication Research Reports, 34(1),
11-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2016.1224163

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Hettinga, K. E., & Appelman, A. (2016). Repeating error lowers perception of correction's importance. Newspaper Research Journal, 37(3), 249-260. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739532916664376

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Hettinga, K. E., Clark, R., & Appelman, A. (2016). Exploring the use of corrections on college newspapers’ websites. College Media Review, 53, 4-17. http://cmreview.org/3380-2/

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Appelman, A., & Sundar, S. S. (2016). Measuring message credibility: Scale construction and validation with news articles. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 93(1), 59-79. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699015606057

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Appelman, A., & Hettinga, K. E. (2015). Do news corrections affect credibility? Not necessarily. Newspaper Research Journal, 36(4), 415-425. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739532915618403

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Zhong, B., & Appelman, A. (2014). How college students read and write on the Web: The role of ICT use in processing online information. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 201-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.037

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Hettinga, K. E., & Appelman, A. (2014). Corrections of newspaper errors have little impact. Newspaper Research Journal, 35(1), 51-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/073953291403500105

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Appelman, A., & Bolls, P. (2011). Article recall, credibility lower with grammar errors. Newspaper Research Journal, 32(2), 50-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/073953291103200205

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Peer-Reviewed Conference Proceedings

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Bien-Aimé, S., Appelman, A., Porto, M., & Gaston, P. (2025). Preparing students for freelance work: An analysis of journalism curricula. In Is it time to reboot journalism education?: 7th World Journalism Education Congress Proceedings (pp. 184-198), San Francisco, CA, USA: World Journalism Education Congress.

 

Hettinga, K. E., Smith, E., & Appelman, A. (2025). Learning from the best: Lessons from corrections of Pulitizer-winning journalism. In Is it time to reboot journalism education?:  7th World Journalism Education Congress Proceedings (pp. 322-338), San Francisco, CA, USA: World Journalism Education Congress.

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Bien-Aimé, S., Appelman, A., Jankowski, S., & Day, M. (2019). Promoting journalism: Analysis of education programs’ homepages. In Bernier, M. & Guenee, P. (Eds.), Teaching journalism in a disruptive age: 5th World Journalism Education Congress Proceedings (pp. 303-318), Paris, France: World Journalism Education Congress.

 

Jankowski, S., Day, M., Bien-Aimé, S., & Appelman, A. (2019). “Trump Bump”: U.S. students define journalism education in the age of Trump. In Bernier, M. & Guenee, P. (Eds.), Teaching journalism in a disruptive age: 5th World Journalism Education Congress Proceedings (pp. 749-762), Paris, France: World Journalism Education Congress.

 

Truta, T. M., Kain, P., Atnafu, T., Campan, A., Nolan, J., & Appelman, A. (2019). Twitter streaming API data collection for infrequent keywords. In R. Stahlbock, G. M. Weiss, & M. Abdou-Nasr (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Data Science (pp. 157-163), Las Vegas, NV, USA: CSREA Press.​​